pythonVersion 2.7.15+ pythonImplementation CPython Amphibians \b\s+(\S*)$ false Source data for tree(s) 'tree1' tree1 otu147 otu151 otu195 otu201 otu247 otu269 otu148 otu150 otu163 otu164 otu165 otu167 otu168 otu169 otu170 otu173 otu17 otu18 otu19 otu20 otu171 otu172 otu174 otu175 otu196 otu197 otu199 otu200 otu204 otu205 otu223 otu225 otu237 otu238 otu263 otu264 otu265 otu27 otu28 otu273 otu274 otu275 otu276 otu277 otu279 otu280 otu281 ^ot:comment ^ot:branchLengthTimeUnit ^ot:nodeLabelMode ^ot:nodeLabelTimeUnit ^ot:reasonsToExcludeFromSynthesis ^ot:ottId __Supermatrix phylogeny using species tree constraint__ _Supermatrix construction_: We created a supermatrix that included all available published sequence data of Afrobatrachian frogs, using five nuclear loci included in our captures (FICD, KIAA2013, POMC, TYR, and RAG-1) and the mtDNA marker 16S. Nuclear loci were aligned using MUSCLE (Edgar 2004), and 16S sequences were aligned using MAFFT with the E-INS-i strategy (Katoh et al. 2002; Katoh et al. 2005). The final concatenated alignment consisted of 283 taxa and 3,991 bp, with 36% total missing data. _Phylogenetic methods_: We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Afrobatrachian frogs from the five nuclear gene and mtDNA data set using a maximum likelihood (ML) approach in RAXML v8 (Stamatakis 2014). To preserve the relationships inferred with our species tree analyses of sequence capture loci, the sequence capture hyperoliid species tree containing 153 taxa (143 ingroup and 10 outgroup taxa) was used as a partial constraint tree for the ML analysis of the 283-taxon alignment of six loci. rcballer RaynaCBell 1062201 Microhyloidea ot_1969 Daniel M Portik, Rayna C Bell, David C Blackburn, Aaron M Bauer, Christopher D Barratt, William R Branch, Marius Burger, Alan Channing, Timothy J Colston, Werner Conradie, J Maximilian Dehling, Robert C Drewes, Raffael Ernst, Eli Greenbaum, Václav Gvoždík, James Harvey, Annika Hillers, Mareike Hirschfeld, Gregory FM Jongsma, Jos Kielgast, Marcel T Kouete, Lucinda P Lawson, Adam D Leaché, Simon P Loader, Stefan Lötters, Arie Van Der Meijden, Michele Menegon, Susanne Müller, Zoltán T Nagy, Caleb Ofori-Boateng, Annemarie Ohler, Theodore J Papenfuss, Daniela Rößler, Ulrich Sinsch, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Michael Veith, Jens Vindum, Ange-Ghislain Zassi-Boulou, Jimmy A McGuire. (2019). Sexual Dichromatism Drives Diversification within a Major Radiation of African Amphibians. Systematic Biology, 68(6), 859–875. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz023 2019 Phrynomantis microps 980664 Phrynomantis microps Breviceps macrops 442319 Breviceps macrops Arthroleptis nikeae 362850 Arthroleptis nikeae Arthroleptis tanneri 628807 Arthroleptis tanneri Arthroleptis francei 362853 Arthroleptis francei Arthroleptis stenodactylus 628832 Arthroleptis stenodactylus Arthroleptis perreti 1090640 Arthroleptis perreti Arthroleptis palava 1090643 Arthroleptis palava Arthroleptis variabilis 968555 Arthroleptis variabilis Arthroleptis adelphus 362846 Arthroleptis adelphus Arthroleptis brevipes 745286 Arthroleptis brevipes Arthroleptis bioko 616092 Arthroleptis bioko Breviceps namaquensis 836560 Breviceps namaquensis Arthroleptis poecilonotus 257572 Arthroleptis poecilonotus Acanthixalus spinosus 532105 Acanthixalus spinosus Acanthixalus sonjae 738552 Acanthixalus sonjae Semnodactylus wealii 369244 Semnodactylus wealii Paracassina obscura 3619072 Paracassina obscura Paracassina kounhiensis 3619079 Paracassina kounhiensis Phlyctimantis maculata 7070465 Phlyctimantis maculatus Phlyctimantis keithae 3618963 Phlyctimantis keithae Phlyctimantis verrucosus 750032 Phlyctimantis verrucosus Phlyctimantis boulengeri 3618962 Phlyctimantis boulengeri Breviceps branchi 836563 Breviceps branchi Phlyctimantis leonardi 462982 Phlyctimantis leonardi Kassina kuvangensis 3618955 Kassina kuvangensis Kassina fusca 3618949 Kassina fusca Kassina lamottei 3618950 Kassina lamottei Kassina schioetzi 3618953 Kassina schioetzi Kassina cassinoides 3618957 Kassina cassinoides Kassina senegalensis 535805 Kassina senegalensis Kassina decorata 3618946 Kassina decorata Kassina maculosa 3618956 Kassina maculosa Kassina arboricola 3618954 Kassina arboricola Spelaeophryne methneri 111202 Spelaeophryne methneri Kassina cochranae 3618952 Kassina cochranae Opisthothylax immaculatus 645884 Opisthothylax immaculatus Afrixalus enseticola 3618974 Afrixalus enseticola Tachycnemis seychellensis 750023 Tachycnemis seychellensis Heterixalus madagascariensis 709700 Heterixalus madagascariensis Heterixalus boettgeri 770752 Heterixalus boettgeri Heterixalus alboguttatus 635557 Heterixalus alboguttatus Heterixalus punctatus 482610 Heterixalus punctatus Heterixalus andrakata 710650 Heterixalus andrakata Heterixalus tricolor 618280 Heterixalus tricolor Probreviceps loveridgei 348127 Probreviceps loveridgei Heterixalus variabilis 566318 Heterixalus variabilis Heterixalus luteostriatus 135514 Heterixalus luteostriatus Heterixalus betsileo 186161 Heterixalus betsileo Heterixalus carbonei 49549 Heterixalus carbonei Heterixalus rutenbergi 482601 Heterixalus rutenbergi Afrixalus vibekensis 3618984 Afrixalus vibekensis Afrixalus weidholzi 3618973 Afrixalus weidholzi Afrixalus lacustris Afrixalus dorsimaculatus 1 3618976 Afrixalus dorsimaculatus Afrixalus morerei 3618977 Afrixalus morerei Probreviceps uluguruensis 111210 Probreviceps uluguruensis Afrixalus dorsimaculatus 2 3618976 Afrixalus dorsimaculatus Afrixalus knysae Afrixalus spinifrons 3618970 Afrixalus spinifrons Afrixalus delicatus 56877 Afrixalus delicatus Afrixalus brachycnemis 3618987 Afrixalus brachycnemis Afrixalus stuhlmanni 7070431 Afrixalus stuhlmanni Afrixalus sylvaticus 7070432 Afrixalus sylvaticus Afrixalus laevis 520123 Afrixalus laevis Afrixalus lacteus 3618980 Afrixalus lacteus Afrixalus fornasini 750019 Afrixalus fornasini Probreviceps durirostris 734040 Probreviceps durirostris Afrixalus equatorialis 3618986 Afrixalus equatorialis Afrixalus wittei 3618982 Afrixalus wittei Afrixalus osorioi 3618979 Afrixalus osorioi Afrixalus paradorsalis 3 362841 Afrixalus paradorsalis Afrixalus paradorsalis 2 362841 Afrixalus paradorsalis Afrixalus paradorsalis 1 362841 Afrixalus paradorsalis Afrixalus nigeriensis 3618968 Afrixalus nigeriensis Afrixalus vittiger 1 3618975 Afrixalus vittiger Afrixalus vittiger 2 3618975 Afrixalus vittiger Afrixalus dorsalis 3 320882 Afrixalus dorsalis Probreviceps sp Nguru 283931 Probreviceps Afrixalus dorsalis 1 320882 Afrixalus dorsalis Afrixalus quadrivittatus 1 3618967 Afrixalus quadrivittatus Afrixalus quadrivittatus 2 3618967 Afrixalus quadrivittatus Afrixalus dorsalis 2 320882 Afrixalus dorsalis Afrixalus fulvovittatus 2 3618983 Afrixalus fulvovittatus Afrixalus fulvovittatus 1 3618983 Afrixalus fulvovittatus Morerella cyanophthalma 85257 Morerella cyanophthalma Cryptothylax greshoffii 186185 Cryptothylax greshoffii Hyperolius semidiscus 63307 Hyperolius semidiscus Hyperolius lupiroensis 4133661 Hyperolius lupiroensis Probreviceps sp Rubeho 283931 Probreviceps Hyperolius parkeri 3619065 Hyperolius parkeri Hyperolius viridis 3619009 Hyperolius viridis Hyperolius pusillus 510956 Hyperolius pusillus Hyperolius benguellensis 526682 Hyperolius benguellensis Hyperolius inyangae 4133665 Hyperolius inyangae Hyperolius nasutus 635554 Hyperolius nasutus Hyperolius dartevellei 4133667 Hyperolius dartevellei Hyperolius rwandae 4133664 Hyperolius rwandae Hyperolius friedemanni 4133662 Hyperolius friedemanni Hyperolius howelli 4133663 Hyperolius howelli Probreviceps sp Kigogo 283931 Probreviceps Hyperolius acuticeps 830584 Hyperolius acuticeps Hyperolius poweri 3619061 Hyperolius poweri Hyperolius igbettensis 3619005 Hyperolius igbettensis Hyperolius jacobseni 4133666 Hyperolius jacobseni Hyperolius adspersus 978755 Hyperolius adspersus Hyperolius pseudoargus Hyperolius fusciventris 2 85268 Hyperolius fusciventris Hyperolius fusciventris 1 85268 Hyperolius fusciventris Hyperolius bolifambae 3619019 Hyperolius bolifambae Hyperolius ocellatus 1 40418 Hyperolius ocellatus Hemisus sudanensis 685277 Hemisus sudanensis Probreviceps sp Udzungwa 283931 Probreviceps Hyperolius ocellatus 2 40418 Hyperolius ocellatus Hyperolius sp nov 1 Hyperolius camerunensis 3619006 Hyperolius camerunensis Hyperolius riggenbachi 854672 Hyperolius riggenbachi Hyperolius guttulatus 2 510964 Hyperolius guttulatus Hyperolius guttulatus 1 510964 Hyperolius guttulatus Hyperolius phantasticus 659593 Hyperolius phantasticus Hyperolius pardalis 510961 Hyperolius pardalis Hyperolius steindachneri 3619004 Hyperolius steindachneri Hyperolius argus 78179 Hyperolius argus Probreviceps rungwensis 734043 Probreviceps rungwensis Hyperolius bocagei 3619063 Hyperolius bocagei Hyperolius lamottei 505164 Hyperolius lamottei Hyperolius tuberculatus 502268 Hyperolius tuberculatus Hyperolius dintelmanni 3619027 Hyperolius dintelmanni Hyperolius parallelus parallelus 7070450 Hyperolius parallelus parallelus Hyperolius parallelus marginatus 3619051 Hyperolius marginatus Hyperolius parallelus alborufus 7070449 Hyperolius parallelus alborufus Hyperolius parallelus pyrrhodictyon 598822 Hyperolius pyrrhodictyon Hyperolius marmoratus taeniatus 7070444 Hyperolius marmoratus taeniatus Hyperolius marmoratus marmoratus 7070443 Hyperolius marmoratus marmoratus Probreviceps macrodactylus 111206 Probreviceps macrodactylus Hyperolius marmoratus swynnertoni 129571 Hyperolius swynnertoni Hyperolius mariae 3618999 Hyperolius mariae Hyperolius reesi 3619030 Hyperolius reesi Hyperolius nitidulus 1 593338 Hyperolius nitidulus Hyperolius spatzi 73599 Hyperolius spatzi Hyperolius nitidulus 2 593338 Hyperolius nitidulus Hyperolius viridiflavus pitmani 593345 Hyperolius viridiflavus pitmani Hyperolius viridiflavus sp 652134 Hyperolius viridiflavus Hyperolius viridiflavus destefanii 7070459 Hyperolius viridiflavus destefanii Hyperolius viridiflavus variablilis 7070464 Hyperolius viridiflavus variablilis Callulina shengena 962334 Callulina shengena Hyperolius viridiflavus ngorongoriensis 7070460 Hyperolius viridiflavus ngorongoriensis Hyperolius viridiflavus ommatostictus 593342 Hyperolius viridiflavus ommatostictus Hyperolius viridiflavus pantherinus 593344 Hyperolius viridiflavus pantherinus Hyperolius viridiflavus glandicolor 598826 Hyperolius viridiflavus glandicolor Chlorolius koehleri 3619082 Hyperolius koehleri Hyperolius tuberilinguis 165054 Hyperolius tuberilinguis Hyperolius mosaicus 830587 Hyperolius mosaicus Hyperolius endjami 2 3619043 Hyperolius endjami Hyperolius endjami 1 3619043 Hyperolius endjami Hyperolius cystocandicans 505158 Hyperolius cystocandicans Callulina laphami 962328 Callulina laphami Hyperolius jackie 4948226 Hyperolius jackie Hyperolius discodactylus 3619022 Hyperolius discodactylus Hyperolius lateralis 40389 Hyperolius lateralis Hyperolius castaneus 681665 Hyperolius castaneus Hyperolius frontalis 40421 Hyperolius frontalis Hyperolius platyceps 3619047 Hyperolius platyceps Hyperolius cinereus 452671 Hyperolius cinereus Hyperolius raymondii Hyperolius langi 3619024 Hyperolius langi Hyperolius kuligae 3619002 Hyperolius kuligae Callulina dawida 404211 Callulina dawida Hyperolius ademetzi 3619015 Hyperolius ademetzi Hyperolius tanneri 930201 Hyperolius tanneri Hyperolius minitissimus 354708 Hyperolius minutissimus Hyperolius burgessi 5810529 Hyperolius burgessi Hyperolius spinigularis 930195 Hyperolius spinigularis Hyperolius torrentis 877449 Hyperolius torrentis Hyperolius chlorosteus 505143 Hyperolius chlorosteus Hyperolius occidentalis 3618992 Hyperolius occidentalis Hyperolius sylvaticus 1088575 Hyperolius sylvaticus Hyperolius baumanni 85263 Hyperolius baumanni Callulina kanga 973495 Callulina kanga Hyperolius picturatus 660308 Hyperolius picturatus Hyperolius zonatus 1014882 Hyperolius zonatus Hyperolius bobirensis 854666 Hyperolius bobirensis Hyperolius concolor 2 505134 Hyperolius concolor Hyperolius concolor 1 505134 Hyperolius concolor Hyperolius concolor 3 505134 Hyperolius concolor Hyperolius montanus 659587 Hyperolius montanus Hyperolius pictus 3619001 Hyperolius pictus Hyperolius substriatus 3619039 Hyperolius substriatus Hyperolius sp nov 2 Callulina sp lowland 51821 Callulina Hyperolius mitchelli 354703 Hyperolius mitchelli Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus 3619042 Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus Hyperolius quinquevittatus 3618998 Hyperolius quinquevittatus Hyperolius kivuensis 1 71965 Hyperolius kivuensis Hyperolius kivuensis 3 71965 Hyperolius kivuensis Hyperolius kivuensis 2 71965 Hyperolius kivuensis Hyperolius balfouri 1 3619048 Hyperolius balfouri Hyperolius balfouri 2 3619048 Hyperolius balfouri Hyperolius veithi 854669 Hyperolius veithi Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris 2 40386 Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris Callulina sp Rubeho 51821 Callulina Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris 1 40386 Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris 3 40386 Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris Hyperolius thomensis 1035019 Hyperolius thomensis Hyperolius molleri 1035013 Hyperolius molleri Callulina hanseni 7666357 Callulina hanseni Hemisus marmoratus 968537 Hemisus marmoratus Callulina meteora 6158803 Callulina meteora Callulina stanleyi 962331 Callulina stanleyi Callulina kisiwamsitu 540104 Callulina kisiwamsitu Callulina kreffti 51822 Callulina kreffti Nyctibates corrugatus 475156 Nyctibates corrugatus Scotobleps gabonicus 62327 Scotobleps gabonicus Astylosternus laticephalus 4133673 Astylosternus laticephalus Astylosternus occidentalis 3619117 Astylosternus occidentalis Trichobatrachus robustus 780980 Trichobatrachus robustus Astylosternus diadematus 910006 Astylosternus diadematus Balebreviceps hillmani 348132 Balebreviceps hillmani Astylosternus schioetzi 1028301 Astylosternus schioetzi Astylosternus batesi 635421 Astylosternus batesi Leptodactylodon mertensi 487654 Leptodactylodon mertensi Leptodactylodon erythrogaster 3619127 Leptodactylodon erythrogaster Leptodactylodon perreti 3619125 Leptodactylodon perreti Leptodactylodon axillaris 3619128 Leptodactylodon axillaris Leptodactylodon polyacanthus 3619129 Leptodactylodon polyacanthus Leptodactylodon bicolor 605693 Leptodactylodon bicolor Leptodactylodon bueanus 3619120 Leptodactylodon bueanus Leptodactylodon ornatus 3619122 Leptodactylodon ornatus Breviceps mossambicus 404462 Breviceps mossambicus Leptodactylodon boulengeri 3619130 Leptodactylodon boulengeri Leptodactylodon ventrimarmoratus 3619124 Leptodactylodon ventrimarmoratus Leptodactylodon ovatus 3619131 Leptodactylodon ovatus Leptopelis parkeri 3619167 Leptopelis parkeri Leptopelis macrotis 3619169 Leptopelis macrotis Leptopelis millsoni 707021 Leptopelis millsoni Leptopelis rufus 3619161 Leptopelis rufus Leptopelis argenteus 750001 Leptopelis argenteus Leptopelis yaldeni 3619170 Leptopelis yaldeni Leptopelis vannutellii 3619133 Leptopelis vannutellii Breviceps adspersus 3618690 Breviceps adspersus Leptopelis susanae 3619160 Leptopelis susanae Leptopelis gramineus 3619166 Leptopelis gramineus Leptopelis kivuensis 447448 Leptopelis kivuensis Leptopelis ocellatus 3619136 Leptopelis ocellatus Leptopelis spiritusnoctis 3619164 Leptopelis spiritusnoctis Leptopelis viridis 3619152 Leptopelis viridis Leptopelis aubryi 3619162 Leptopelis aubryi Leptopelis natalensis 980655 Leptopelis natalensis Leptopelis palmatus 1035029 Leptopelis palmatus Leptopelis calcaratus 621 Leptopelis calcaratus Breviceps montanus 3618685 Breviceps montanus Leptopelis brevirostris 954728 Leptopelis brevirostris Leptopelis notatus 3619168 Leptopelis notatus Leptopelis modestus 980682 Leptopelis modestus Leptopelis flavomaculatus 3619143 Leptopelis flavomaculatus Leptopelis nordequatorialis 3619141 Leptopelis nordequatorialis Leptopelis bocagii 917466 Leptopelis bocagii Leptopelis vermiculatus 750011 Leptopelis vermiculatus Leptopelis aubryioides 5926117 Leptopelis aubryioides Leptopelis boulengeri 3619142 Leptopelis boulengeri Leptopelis fiziensis 3619153 Leptopelis fiziensis Breviceps fuscus 464972 Breviceps fuscus Leptopelis karissimbensis 956255 Leptopelis karissimbensis Cardioglossa melanogaster 635418 Cardioglossa melanogaster Cardioglossa gracilis 1001464 Cardioglossa gracilis Cardioglossa elegans 436870 Cardioglossa elegans Cardioglossa leucomystax 1028307 Cardioglossa leucomystax Cardioglossa occidentalis 436866 Cardioglossa occidentalis Cardioglossa pulchra 282284 Cardioglossa pulchra Cardioglossa oreas 107622 Cardioglossa oreas Cardioglossa manengouba 963162 Cardioglossa manengouba Cardioglossa escalerae 3619106 Cardioglossa escalerae Breviceps gibbosus 3618684 Breviceps gibbosus Cardioglossa trifasciata 3619110 Cardioglossa trifasciata Cardioglossa annulata 5926115 Cardioglossa annulata Cardioglossa nigromaculata 3619104 Cardioglossa nigromaculata Arthroleptis schubotzi 635398 Arthroleptis schubotzi Arthroleptis xenodactyloides 107609 Arthroleptis xenodactyloides Arthroleptis fichika 1090647 Arthroleptis fichika Arthroleptis sylvaticus 107603 Arthroleptis sylvaticus Arthroleptis taeniatus 492493 Arthroleptis taeniatus Arthroleptis reichei 107595 Arthroleptis reichei Arthroleptis affinis 362842 Arthroleptis affinis ot:changesCount Maximum likelihood node3 tree1_ROOT false true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true