pythonVersion 2.7.9 pythonImplementation CPython Mammals false Time tree of fossil and living Canidae, mostly from North America. Manually digitized by Nick Matzke using TreeRogue TreeRogue (https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-phylo/2010-October/000816.html) from the summary phylogenies of the 3 monographs published by Wang & Tedford. tree1 ^ot:isTaxonExemplar ^ot:isTaxonExemplar otu100 otu101 otu103 otu104 otu94 otu96 otu97 otu98 otu106 otu107 otu108 otu140 otu109 otu110 otu111 otu112 otu117 otu118 otu123 otu124 otu126 otu127 otu128 otu129 otu130 otu134 otu138 otu139 otu39 otu40 ^ot:comment ^ot:nodeLabelMode ^ot:nodeLabelTimeUnit tree1 Note: I (Nick Matzke) am the author of the digitized Newick file, not the original published phylogenies of Wang and Tedford (obviously). Time tree of fossil and living Canidae, mostly from North America. Manually digitized by Nick Matzke using TreeRogue (https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-phylo/2010-October/000816.html) from the summary phylogenies of the 3 monographs published by Wang & Tedford. Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/5999 Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Taylor, Beryl E. (1999). Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 243. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1588 Wang, Xiaoming (1994). Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 221. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/829 Digitization was done with TreeRogue and GraphClick, from the summary phylogeny figures of Wang & Tedford. Various judgement calls were required; my goal was to preserve the authors' depiction of relationships and divergence times. nmatzke 770319 Canidae false ot_278 Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/5999 Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Taylor, Beryl E. (1999). Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 243. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1588 Wang, Xiaoming (1994). Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 221. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/829 2009 Prohesperocyon wilsoni 3612587 Prohesperocyon wilsoni Osbornodon fricki 3612567 Osbornodon fricki Leptocyon sppB 3612551 Leptocyon Leptocyon leidyi 3612551 Leptocyon Leptocyon vafer 3612592 Leptocyon vafer Leptocyon tejonensis 3612551 Leptocyon Leptocyon matthewi 3612551 Leptocyon Otocyon spp +Prototocyon 821952 Otocyon Metalopex macconnelli 770319 Canidae Metalopex merriami 770319 Canidae Metalopex bakeri 770319 Canidae Urocyon webbi 264179 Urocyon Mesocyon temnodon 3612536 Mesocyon temnodon Urocyon galushi 264179 Urocyon Urocyon citronus 264179 Urocyon Urocyon minicephalus 264179 Urocyon Urocyon cinereoargenteus 685113 Urocyon cinereoargenteus Vulpes stenognathus 3612510 Vulpes stenognathus Vulpes kemensis 821970 Vulpes Vulpes velox 297455 Vulpes velox Cerdocyonina sppNAm 3612582 Cerdocyon Cerdocyonina sppSAm 3612582 Cerdocyon Eucyon skinneri 3612566 Eucyon Mesocyon coryphaeus 3612538 Mesocyon coryphaeus Eucyon davisi 3612579 Eucyon davisi Canis ferox 3612501 Canis ferox Canis lepophagus 3612503 Canis lepophagus Canis thooides 372706 Canis Canis feneus 372706 Canis Canis cedazoensis 3612507 Canis cedazoensis Canis arnensis 372706 Canis Canis etruscus 372706 Canis Canis palmidens 372706 Canis Canis mosbachensis 372706 Canis Mesocyon brachyops 3612541 Mesocyon brachyops Canis variabilis 372706 Canis Canis edwardii 3612509 Canis edwardii Canis aureus 621168 Canis aureus Canis latrans 247331 Canis latrans Canis chihliensis 372706 Canis Canis lupus 247341 Canis lupus Canis armbrusteri 3612502 Canis armbrusteri Canis dirus 3612500 Canis dirus Canis falconeri 372706 Canis Canis antonii 372706 Canis Cynodesmus thooides 3612629 Cynodesmus thooides Xenocyon lycaonoides 770319 Canidae Cuon javanicus 837603 Cuon Lycaon pictus 821953 Lycaon pictus Cynodesmus martini 3612599 Cynodesmus martini Sunkahetanka geringensis 3612624 Sunkahetanka geringensis Philotrox condoni 3612547 Philotrox condoni Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa 3612611 Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa Enhydrocyon crassidens 3612550 Enhydrocyon crassidens Ectopocynus antiquus 3612620 Ectopocynus antiquus Enhydrocyon stenocephalus 3612529 Enhydrocyon stenocephalus Enhydrocyon basilatus 3612612 Enhydrocyon basilatus Hesperocyon pavidus 3612553 Hesperocyon Hesperocyon gregarius 3612596 Hesperocyon gregarius Caedocyon tedfordi 3612609 Caedocyon tedfordi Paraenhydrocyon josephi 3612626 Paraenhydrocyon josephi Paraenhydrocyon robustus 3612621 Paraenhydrocyon robustus Paraenhydrocyon wallovianus 3612622 Paraenhydrocyon Otarocyon macdonaldi 4118012 Otarocyon macdonaldi Archaeocyon pavidus 4117987 Archaeocyon pavidus Ectopocynus intermedius 3612617 Ectopocynus intermedius Archaeocyon leptodus 4117986 Archaeocyon leptodus Archaeocyon falkenbachi 4117988 Archaeocyon falkenbachi Oxetocyon cuspidatus 3612539 Oxetocyon cuspidatus Otarocyon cooki 4118013 Otarocyon cooki Rhizocyon oreganensis 4117980 Rhizocyon Cynarctoides lemur 3612597 Cynarctoides lemur Cynarctoides roii 3612631 Cynarctoides roii Cynarctoides harlowi 3612613 Cynarctoides harlowi Cynarctoides luskensis 3612521 Cynarctoides luskensis Cynarctoides gawanae 3612522 Cynarctoides Ectopocynus simplicidens 3612619 Ectopocynus simplicidens Cynarctoides accridens 3612522 Cynarctoides Cynarctoides emryi 3612524 Cynarctoides emryi Phlaocyon minor 3612632 Phlaocyon minor Phlaocyon latidens 3612625 Phlaocyon latidens Phlaocyon annectens 3612516 Phlaocyon annectens Phlaocyon achoros 3612618 Phlaocyon achoros Phlaocyon multicuspus 3612594 Phlaocyon multicuspus Phlaocyon marshlandensis 3612517 Phlaocyon Phlaocyon leucosteus 3612633 Phlaocyon leucosteus Phlaocyon yatkolai 3612554 Phlaocyon yatkolai Hesperocyon coloradensis 3612574 Hesperocyon coloradensis Phlaocyon mariae 3612595 Phlaocyon mariae Cormocyon haydeni 3612588 Cormocyon haydeni Cormocyon copei 3612584 Cormocyon copei Desmocyon thomsoni 4118004 Desmocyon thomsoni Desmocyon matthewi 4118005 Desmocyon matthewi Paracynarctus kelloggi 4118007 Paracynarctus kelloggi Paracynarctus sinclari 4118006 Paracynarctus Cynarctus galushai 3612533 Cynarctus galushai Cynarctus marylandica 3612559 Cynarctus marylandica Cynarctus saxatilis 3612535 Cynarctus saxatilis Osbornodon renjiei 3612571 Osbornodon renjiei Cynarctus voorhiesi 3612610 Cynarctus voorhiesi Cynarctus crucidens 3612561 Cynarctus crucidens Metatomarctus canavus 4117990 Metatomarctus canavus Euoplocyon spissidens 3612558 Euoplocyon spissidens Euoplocyon brachygnathus 3612544 Euoplocyon brachygnathus Psalidocyon marianae 4117994 Psalidocyon marianae Microtomarctus conferta 4118010 Microtomarctus conferta Aelurodon asthenostylus 4941926 Aelurodon asthenostylus Aelurodon stirtoni 4941930 Aelurodon stirtoni Aelurodon mcgrewi 4941929 Aelurodon mcgrewi Osbornodon sesnoni 3612562 Osbornodon sesnoni Aelurodon ferox 4941927 Aelurodon ferox Aelurodon taxoides 4941925 Aelurodon taxoides Protomarctus opatus 4117995 Protomarctus Tephrocyon rurestris 3612526 Tomarctus Tomarctus hippophaga 3612525 Tomarctus hippophaga Tomarctus brevirostris 3612616 Tomarctus brevirostris Paratomarctus temerarius 4117983 Paratomarctus temerarius Paratomarctus euthos 4117984 Paratomarctus euthos Carpocyon compressus 3612606 Carpocyon compressus Carpocyon webbi 3612605 Carpocyon webbi Osbornodon iamonensis 3612608 Osbornodon iamonensis Carpocyon robustus 3612580 Carpocyon robustus Carpocyon limosus 3612569 Carpocyon limosus Protepicyon raki 4118000 Protepicyon raki Epicyon haydeni 3612614 Epicyon haydeni Epicyon aelurodontoides 3612628 Epicyon aelurodontoides Epicyon saevus 3612586 Epicyon saevus Borophagus littoralis 3612564 Borophagus littoralis Borophagus pugnator 3612634 Borophagus pugnator Borophagus orc 3612603 Borophagus orc Borophagus parvus 3612543 Borophagus parvus Osbornodon brachypus 3612615 Osbornodon brachypus Borophagus secundus 3612601 Borophagus secundus Borophagus hilli 3612635 Borophagus hilli Borophagus dudleyi 3612519 Borophagus dudleyi Borophagus diversidens 3612600 Borophagus diversidens Leptocyon sppA 3612551 Leptocyon Leptocyon vulpinus 3612589 Leptocyon vulpinus Leptocyon mollis 3612551 Leptocyon Leptocyon douglassi 3612551 Leptocyon Leptocyon delicatus 3612551 Leptocyon Leptocyon gregorii 3612591 Leptocyon gregorii ot:time Myr Wang & Tedford did a parsimony analysis, then time-scaled by hand using stratigraphic ranges and expert knowledge. node1 node1 false true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true false true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true true